The “STARS–CT-MADE” Study: Advanced Rehearsal and Intraoperative Navigation for Skull Base Tumors

Background: Skull base meningiomas represent a challenge for neurosurgeons, and the procedures are typically performed by experienced neurosurgeons, thus limiting resident training. A new simulation and rehearsal device can be used as an aid for senior surgeons during these operations and serve as a training tool for junior surgeons. Methods: Forty patients harboring an anterior/middle fossa meningioma were recruited. Surgical Theater, a rehearsal/simulation platform, was used for preoperative planning and intraoperative 3D navigation on 20 patients (CT-MADE group), while the remaining (control group) underwent a traditional navigation. Qualitative comparisons between the 2 groups were made with regard to surgical procedure and patient outcome. Satisfaction questionnaires were completed by expert neurosurgeons and residents to assess the overall usefulness of the platform. Furthermore, the surface of the simulated craniotomy performed during the planning was compared with the one actually performed during surgery in order to evaluate the reliability of the planning. Results: No differences between the 2 groups were found (surgery duration: P = 0.4; visual impairment: P = 0.56). Both residents and senior neurosurgeons enjoyed using the platform for intraoperative navigation and planning; simulated craniotomies were significantly smaller as compared with the real ones (P = 0.009), probably because it was not intuitive to depict the exact margins of the operculum with the platform. Conclusion: Surgical Theater helped residents to improve their anatomic and procedural comprehension and was deemed as a useful aid to safely perform some demanding neurosurgical procedures, by both senior and junior surgeons